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  Citation statistics : Table of Contents
   2016| July-September  | Volume 2 | Issue 3  
    Online since June 6, 2016

 
 
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Effect of the penn resiliency program on student with emotional problems
Shahram Vahedi, Rahim Badri Gargari, Somayeh Gholami
July-September 2016, 2(3):145-149
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.180302  
Aim: Education in university is difficult for some students and so depression, stress, and anxiety are prevalent problems in colleges across the country. People experiencing such psychosocial difficulties are more likely to be defeated in the course. Resilience training can target these risk factors, but there is little research evaluating the effectiveness of such programs. This paper describes the design and measures of a study to evaluate a resilience training program to decrease emotional problems. Methods: This study followed a randomized controlled trial and included a pretest and posttest. A purposive sampling was used. In this way, participants were 30 students randomly selected between who have emotional problems in 2014 at Tabriz University, Iran. They were assigned into control and experimental group. Data were collected using depression, anxiety, and stress scale 21. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for each subscale indicate high internal reliability. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was run to analyze the data. Results: The findings of this study show a decrease in the mean score in the mean score of the experimental group in the posttest. Multivariate variance analysis MANOVA showed difference in posttest mean scores of participants' anxiety, depression, and stress in the experimental group. Conclusions: The Penn Resiliency Program will promote psychosocial well-being for student with emotional problems.
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Effectiveness of group training of psychological capital on happiness due to the moderating effect of social relationships
Nahid Abaei Niyasar, Hamid Atashpuor
July-September 2016, 2(3):150-153
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.183536  
Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of group training of psychological capital on happiness due to the moderating effect of social relationships. Methods: Research method was semi-experimental with the control group. The sample was vulnerable women in the city Khomeini Shahr. Among them, 15 women were selected as a control group and 15 women in the experimental group. The sampling was cluster random. Fifteen sessions of group psychological capital were conducted for the experimental group. Pretest and posttest was performed by Psychological Capital Questionnaire 24 questions, statistics of CFI, RMSEA are respectively 0/97 and 0/08, in the model and also the reliability of the questionnaire obtained 0/85. Oxford happiness, 29 questions, the correlation between the oral hygiene index with the Beck's depression inventory and the scale and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was respectively 48/0, 45/0 and 39/0. Cronbach's alpha for the inventory was equal to 0/91 and adult attachment, 18 questions, in Iran using the test-retest reliability and the correlation between the two performances show that the test is reliable in the level of 0/95. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Result: The results showed that the Group training of psychological capital has a positive impact on happiness and increases happiness in both groups with high and low social relations. Conclusions: The results showed that increasing of psychological capital increase happiness and increase the quality of life and reduced social and psychological injuries.
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The comparison of loneliness and spirituality well being in married men with and without extramarital involvement
Hamid Reza Nuri, Zohre Ranjbar Kohan
July-September 2016, 2(3):154-158
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.180304  
Background and Aim: Understanding the causes of extramarital relationships and the factors influencing it is important for both spouses, and included benefits .The purpose of this study was to compare the loneliness and spiritual well-being in married men with and without extramarital involvement the married men. Methods: The present study is a descriptive and type of the causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of all the married men in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 100 married men (50 married men with extramarital and 50 without extramarital) who were selected by convenience sampling method. Then these instruments were Russell administered loneliness scale and Paloutzian and Ellison spiritual well-being scale, which was completed by the participants. The analysis was performed using the both SPSS-16 software IBM SPSS analytic server and the covariance analysis. Result: This finding indicated that the two groups had a difference significantly in regard to loneliness and the spiritual well-being (P ≤ 0/05). Conclusions: The results showed that the loneliness of married men with an extramarital relationship was more than men without extramarital relationship, and spiritual well-being of men with extramarital relationship was lesser than married men who have no extramarital relationship.
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Evaluating the curriculum in virtual education at Payame Nour University
Fatane Peykanpour, Maryam Ansari
July-September 2016, 2(3):159-162
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.183537  
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the curriculum at the Payame Nour University (PNU) virtual education. The curriculum was evaluated according to the nine elements such as: Purpose, context, learning activities, time, space, learners grouping, material, learning resources, teaching strategies, and evaluation methods. Methods: The study performed by descriptive survey. The population was selected from the PNU masters who are teaching in a virtual way randomly and consisted of 75 PNU masters from PNU in the region of Isfahan. The collected data were analyzed through statistical and inferential description. Data Analysis: It was conducted at two descriptive and inferential analysis method (in SPSS software version 18). At descriptive level the total mean and standard deviation were 3.56, 0.62 respectively. At inferential level the data analysis was done via parametric mono-variable T. test (t = 7.72). Result: The instrument was used in the study, which was designed by the researcher especially with regard to claim curriculum. The result indicated that there is a significant difference between the nine elements of the curriculum mean with the variable mean. Conclusions: According to the study, the curriculum quality of the PNU virtual education is based on the nine elements that it is evaluated higher than medium, and finally it showed that the design of the curriculum virtual system consisted of good quality.
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The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on happiness and gratitude of female students
Sahar Amini, Kourosh Namdari, Hossinali Mehrabi Kooshki
July-September 2016, 2(3):163-169
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.179069  
Aim: The aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on the happiness and gratitude among female students of the University of Isfahan in the academic year 2013–2014. Methodology: The design of the present study is quasi-experimental with the control group and pretest-posttest and follow-up test. For sampling among 100 female girls who registered for this study, a number of 30 individuals who were lacking in any symptom of severe psychological disorders or character disorders in the first and second axes of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV-Text review were selected. Then, this number were randomly divided into two control and experimental group each with 15 participants. The instruments used for collecting data included the positive psychotherapy questionnaire and the gratitude questionnaire-six item form. In the experimental group, positive psychotherapy sessions were held in group in 10 sessions. However, the control group received no intervention. To analyze the data of the present study, ANCOVA and SPSS-17 software were used. Results: The results indicated that the positive psychotherapy is effective on the increase of overall happiness and the components of pleasant, engaged, and meaningful life in the stages of posttest and follow-up (P < 0.05), although this effectiveness is confirmed on the component of meaningful life in the posttest. In addition, in the domain of gratitude, the members of the experimental group indicated a significant increase in their scores in the stages of posttest and follow-up as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: From the findings obtained from this study, it can be concluded that, in general, positive psychotherapy is effective on the increase of overall happiness and its components and gratitude of female students in the University of Isfahan. Therefore, the positive psychotherapy is an appropriate alternative for increasing happiness and gratitude of students.
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Comparative study approaches to higher education in graduate section in different countries
Fatemeh Behjati Ardakani, Mohannad H Yarmohammadian, Ahmad Fatahi Ardakani
July-September 2016, 2(3):170-174
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.183539  
Aim: The present study is intended with literature review in universities and experiences in different countries, analyzed approaches to higher education in graduate section. Research Methods: This article is a comparative study which uses a qualitative content analysis with inductive category development studying and comparing of different to higher education in graduate section in different countries such as the USA, Malaysia, and China. Results: Most important factors change in the USA of development and industrial is free market, democracy, advancement of technology, communications, and multiculturalism. Experience China in higher education is reform policies in the graduate section. In Malaysia, Academic Research plays a role in development plans, policymaking and education human resources. Conclusions: Graduate programs in the USA focused on resorting to the latest scientific and research achievements, labor productivity and educating experts and professionals. Policies China include the policy of the free market system, entry democracy in political territory, globalization of activities, humanist changing of industries related to worker to knowledge-based industries, pass of economic development to people-oriented development, and changes societies. The important policies in the graduate section in Malaysia include activities research by awareness of market demands and industry needs. Establish fitness between programs and academic disciplines in graduate section and attracting the best brains.
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Knowledge and attitudes of health profession's students about inter-relationship of communication gap with generation gap
Rakesh Namdeorao Bahadure, Nilima Thosar, Jayant Vagha
July-September 2016, 2(3):175-179
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.179079  
Aim: To find out the knowledge and attitude of health profession's students about communication gap and generation gap and their co-relation. Materials and Methods: A debate was organized for 200 health profession's students between the age group of 18–24 years to know their knowledge, attitude, views, and ideas about “Generation gap”, “communication gap,” and co-relation of the two. Students not only actively participated in the debate and discussed various points related to this topic but also shared their ideas on “how to solve this communication gap due to the generation gap.” Result: Prevalidated questions were asked to 200 health profession's students. Various factors responsible for communication gap and generation gap were discussed. Knowledge and attitude of health profession's students gave important clues for developing effective communication and also to improve the generation gap. Conclusion: One of the important barriers in achieving effective communication is a generation gap. As per the opinion of health profession's students, to solve this problem, one has to be a good listener, share ideas and problems, seek advice from parents, treat elders with respect, and give equal importance to career and family. Thus knowledge and attitude of health profession's students can be helpful in achieving good communication skills in the context of medical and other healthcare practice for professional-patient interaction and within the healthcare team.
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Burden of facebook addiction among the students of a health university in Eastern India
Biswa Bhusan Mohanty, Sunil Kumar Jena, Saurjya Ranjan Das, Pratima Baisakh, Sitansu Kumar Panda, Prafulla Kumar Chinara
July-September 2016, 2(3):180-183
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.179082  
Background: In recent times, people are using a number of social sites to stay in touch with each other. Out of them, Facebook is one of the most popular sites. However, the students are using these sites too much which create an addiction in them. Aim: The present study aims to determine the burden of Facebook addiction among the students. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among the Bachelor in Medicine and Bachelor in Surgery (MBBS), Bachelor in Dental Sciences (BDS), and Nursing students of a health university in Eastern India which included 399 students. Results: It is found that 7.2% of MBBS students, 8.5% of BDS students, and 5.1% of Nursing students are addicted to it and many others are at high risk. Conclusion: Excessive use of the social sites produces a definite addiction among the students as well as it affects their academic activity and personality badly.
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The role of urban furniture in the mental health of the elders in regions 1 and 2 of North of Tehran and regions 19 and 20 of South of Tehran
Mehrnoosh Jafari
July-September 2016, 2(3):184-187
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.183540  
Aim: This study was designed with the aim of investigating the role of urban furniture in the mental health of elders in regions 1 and 2 of North of Tehran and also regions 19 and 20 of South of Tehran. Subjects and Methods: Survey method is descriptive as well as correlation and survey sample includes 400 women and men of 65 or older form 1 and 2 regions of North Tehran and 19 and 20 of South of Tehran have been chosen according cluster and multi-stage random sampling methods. The required information was collected with the man-made questionnaire of urban furniture and questionnaire of mental health of Goldberg and Hiller. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics such as regression and t-test. Results: The results showed that the constituent elements of urban furniture, such as design and installation of elements of urban furniture, paint and beautify, sampling, uniformity, and coordination of components have a significant and positive effect on elder's mental health. Conclusions: Regarding the results of this study about effects of urban furniture on mental health of elders, it is essential for practitioners in the field of urban management to consider such points and also for policy makers to make a proper schedule to improve the culture and attitudes and take effective steps in this direction to increase the level of mental health and in particular, help the elder's lifestyle.
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How to integration of information and communication technology with Elements of Undergraduate Program Curriculum in Educational Sciences of Farhangian University in Tehran and evaluation from the perspective of students and related professors
Reza Fazlalizadeh, Ezatolah Naderi, Ezatolah Maryam Naraghi
July-September 2016, 2(3):188-195
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.183534  
Aims: This study is to investigate the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) with Elements of Undergraduate Program Curriculum in Educational Sciences of Farhangian University in Tehran from the perspective of students and related professors to optimize the mentioned curriculum. Methods: This is an evaluation study, and the researcher has utilized “field research.” The studied population includes: 921 undergraduate students in Educational Sciences and Professors of Educational Sciences, including 92 people who are teaching in different majors of Educational sciences accordingly, among 921 people a sample of 120 students and among 92 educational sciences experts 45 subjects were selected and random cluster sampling method was used. To determine the sample size in this study Morgan's table was used. Data collection tools included a researcher made questionnaire which consists of 50 questions of five-point Likert scale. Before the final implementation of the questionnaire, to ensure the applicability of the questionnaire “pilot implementation” was done. Face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed with the opinion of the professors and experts in this field and its reliability was calculated 96.5%, using Cronbach's alpha. In the area of inferential statistics, Chi-square test was used to study and analyze the data. Results: Show the same distribution of opinions of students and professors to use and integrate ICT to explain 4 elements of the curriculum. Conclusion: At the end a model of the integration of (ICT) to optimize the elements of the curriculum at Undergraduate Program Curriculum in Educational Sciences of Farhangian University in proposed which considers different levels of integration in the curriculum, including within field, interdisciplinary, integrated, and interdependent. The results of this research are a strategy for the development and integration of ICT curriculum elements with Farhangian university curriculum and national curriculum document.
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The study of relationship ways of coping stress with some of the quantity demographic features in pregnant women referred to health centers in Khorramabad
Mansoureh Hasanzadeh, Rahele Samouei, Fariba Fahami
July-September 2016, 2(3):196-200
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.183538  
Introduction: Stress and tense factors harm women particularly the pregnant ones. Utilizing the appropriate stress coping styles is effective in decreasing the harms and helping both mothers and their babies' health. Some individual factors could have a relationship with these styles. This study was done aiming to appoint the relationship between the stress coping styles with some demographic features in pregnant women referring to the health centers in Khorramabad City. Methods: In this descriptive coefficient study with moral code LUMS.REC.1394.11, 190 pregnant women referring to health centers in Khorramabad City in 1394 who were qualified for studying on them entered the exploration with easy and reachable sampling. The Fridenberg and Louis's standard questionnaire of the stress coping styles was used for studying the way of coping with stress. The gained data were analyzed by utilizing the Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients and by using the SPSS-20 software. Results: The findings showed that the average age of pregnant women of the exploration was 32.3, the average age of theirs husbands was 36.7, the average of married age was 22.8, the average period of remaining husband and wife was 9.5 years, the least number of born children from them was 0, and the most number of born children from them was 5. The highest level of education in the pregnant women and their husbands university educations (were, respectively, 53.8% and 69%) and 55.3% of the population were in average economical conditions. The findings showed that the marriage age has a direct relationship with the less effective coping style (P = 0.039). The level of education (P < 0.001) and the education level of the husbands (P < 0.001) have a direct relationship with the problem-focused coping style and also the duration of remaining married with less effective coping style (P = 0.039), and the number of born children with problem-focused coping style are related conversely (P = 0.021). Conclusion: According to the findings, we can better recognize the people exposing at the risk of pathobiology or the people having inefficient styles and teach and support them by introducing the different ways of confronting.
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Development of medical teacher: A prospective for challenges in India
Anil Kumar Agarwal
July-September 2016, 2(3):141-144
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.183535  
In India, medical education is challenged with the shortage of teachers. The teachers are not adequately prepared to handle tasks in response to the emergent needs. In spite of more than five decades of research on the educational process and the accumulation of significant understanding of the nature of learning, curriculum design, and evaluation, there has been surprisingly little opportunity for interested faculty members in medical college to obtain teaching experience other than by self-education, often by trial-and-error technique.[1] Studies addressing medical education have rarely used qualitative educational methods to contribute knowledge about the phenomenon under investigation. There are two possible reasons for this. First, in the past, the qualitative works were rejected due to the lack of objective evidence, considered to be “unscientific” and “anecdotal”[1] Second, medical educators have failed to communicate the methods, canons, and utilization of qualitative inquiry approaches to professional colleagues or undergraduate medical students.[1-3] It seems that the latter point is most pertinent here. In India, there are few studies which are grounded in qualitative methods, and doctors tend to scrutinize quantitative research designs in order to glean empirical data, which is rooted in objective reality.[2,3] We wished to acquire knowledge about several aspects of education in general and their specific application to medical education.
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