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2015| October-December | Volume 1 | Issue 4
Online since
August 31, 2015
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CASE REPORT
Multifactorial organic etiological agents causing catatonia: A learning experience
Ajay Halder, Abhinanda Biswas
October-December 2015, 1(4):301-303
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163939
Catatonia is a well-known neuropsychiatric clinical condition. The most common cause of catatonia is psychiatric illnesses like schizophrenia and depression. The important clinical features of catatonia are ambitendency, automatic obedience, catalepsy, echolalia, echopraxia, rigidity, posturing, etc., Several organic causes are also responsible for catatonic symptoms, which we don't keep in our mind in our day-to-day practice. Here, we described case series of catatonia that are related to organic etiological factor.
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4,129
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
The relationship between career anchors and organizational commitment
Kamal Naghipour, Hasan Galavandi
October-December 2015, 1(4):241-245
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163938
Aim:
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between career anchors and organizational commitment among Urmia University faculty members.
Methods:
The empirical analysis is based on a sample of 70 faculty members of Urmia University. The data for this study were gathered through two standard questionnaires of career anchors according to Schein model and of organizational commitment according to Meyer and Allen model.
Result:
Findings from this study indicate that there is a positive significant relationship between career anchor components and organizational commitment components and also technical, functional competence, general managerial competence, autonomy-independence, pure challenge, and life style are significant predictors of organizational commitment.
Conclusions:
It is obvious from the findings that there is a positive significant relationship between career anchors and organizational commitment. Thus, each organization should pay much more attention to career anchors and organizational commitment.
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4,399
Effectiveness of problem-solving training, exposure therapy, and the combined method on depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers of children with special needs
Mojtaba Habibi, Narges Zamani, Samaneh Abedini, Nina Jamshidnejad
October-December 2015, 1(4):246-252
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163931
Aim:
This study was designed with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of three methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy, including problem-solving, exposure therapy, and the combined method (the combination of both methods of problem-solving and exposure therapy) on depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers of children with special needs.
Methods:
Research samples consisted of 44 mothers who had children with special needs and were divided randomly into 4 groups of 11: (1) The problem-solving group, (2) the exposure group, (3) the combined group, and (4) the control group, by the use of an experimental design with pretest and posttest. The measurement tool in this study was Laviband depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistic methods such as frequency, percentage, and standard deviation; inferential statistics methods such as covariance test and
post-hoc
test least significant difference (LSD).
Results:
The results showed that all three methods were effective on improvement of both the general mental health and problems such as depression, anxiety and stress (
P
< 0.01).
Conclusion:
Based on this research and previous literature, cognitive-behavioral therapy methods, including problem-solving, exposure therapy, and the combined method were proved to be beneficial for mothers of children with disabilities, retardation, or other disorders, which can affect mental health. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the above-mentioned interventional methods are considered for these mothers.
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6,152
2,068
Comparison of the efficiency of the elite teachers with common teachers from the perspective of Tabriz high schools students
Hamid Esmaili, Firooz Mahmoodi, Khalil Esamailpour
October-December 2015, 1(4):253-257
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163934
Aim:
This research aimed to compare the efficiency of elite teachers with common teachers in high schools of Tabriz.
Methods:
This research was a causal and comparative study and the data were collected by questionnaire. The research sample consisted of 140 high schools teachers in five areas of Tabriz. Seventy elite teachers and 70 common teachers were selected. For analysis of the research questions Mann–Whitney U-test was used because the data distribution was not normal.
Result:
results showed that there is no significant difference in achievement of the students of the elite teachers and achievement of the students of the common teachers. Furthermore, there is no significant difference between teaching efficiency of the elite teachers and teaching efficiency of the common teachers. However, there is a significant difference between the efficiency of assessment of the elite teachers and the common teachers.
Conclusions:
The efficiency of assessment of the elite teachers is better than the common teachers. The success of any organization in achieving of the goals depends on the efficiency and efficacy of the teachers.
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The relationship between maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in desiring to get divorced among married couples in Isfahan
Bahareh Shahabi, Elham Foruzandeh
October-December 2015, 1(4):258-265
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163940
Aim:
The aim of this study is to survey multiple relationships between the initial maladaptive schemas and the attachment styles in desiring to get divorced.
Methods:
For this purpose, a sample size of 330 married people of Isfahan city who were attended to the counseling clinic for the purpose of solving communication problems with their partners were selected by convenience sampling method. The required information was collected with the questionnaire of desire to divorce (DTS) of Rusbult, Johnson, and Morrow (1986) and the questionnaire of attachment styles of Hazan and Shaver. Research findings were analyzed with the step by step regression.
Result:
The results showed that, among the early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles with the DTS, emotional deprivation, sacrifice, emotional inhibition, restraint-insufficient self-discipline, dependence-incompetence, abandonment-instability, secure attachment, and avoidant attachment predict the DTS, respectively.
Conclusions:
Hence, we can say with emotional deprivation, dependence-incompetence, emotional inhibition, restraint-insufficient self-discipline and avoidant attachment, DTS increases and also a prediction of DTS decreases by increasing abandonment-instability, self-sacrifice, and secure attachment.
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417
Effectiveness of narrative therapy on mental health of addicts' wives treated in the addiction treatment centers in Khomeini Shahr
Elham Zamani Foroushani, Elham Foruzandeh
October-December 2015, 1(4):266-271
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163941
Aim:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of narrative therapy on mental health of addicts' wives treated in the addiction treatment centers in Khomeini Shahr.
Methodology:
This study was conducted based on the quasi-experimental method with pretest, posttest, and control group. The population of this study was included all the wives of the addicts who were under the therapy of the addiction treatment centers in Khomeini Shahr, Isfahan, Iran. In this study, the addicts' wives were aware that their husbands were under the therapy in addiction treatment centers and were randomly put into the experimental group (15 individuals) and control group (15 individuals). The instrument of the research was General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg (1987). First, a pretest was taken from the experimental group and control group. Then, four sessions, which were 1 h were held for the experimental group. Finally, a posttest was taken from these two groups. Data were analyzed with the analysis of covariance.
Result:
Findings showed that narrative therapy had a statistically significant effect on the mental health of addicts' wives treated in the addiction treatment centers in Khomeini Shahr and increased their mental health (
F
= 8.96,
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
As a result, the narrative therapy approach is a change in their mental health for addressing consumers' wives tales about their position, family, and wife.
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605
First-year dental students' motivation for choosing the dental profession: A questionnaire study of budding dentists in Central India
Aishwarya Singh, Sudhanshu Saxena, Vidhatri Tiwari, Utkarsh Tiwari, Vineesh Vishnu
October-December 2015, 1(4):272-277
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163942
Background:
The choice of a career is a crucial decision that has a lifelong impact on a person's living pattern. It is important to understand the motives of those choosing to study dentistry, because these motives may influence an individual's level of commitment to the profession. The aim of the present study was to highlight the motives of choosing dentistry as a career among 432 1
st
year dental students.
Methods:
A pretested close ended questionnaire comprising of 30 questions, was administered to 1
st
year dental students registered under Barkatullah University, Bhopal. Students were asked questions pertaining to the importance of five central motives money, people, business, flexibility, and personal background for selecting dentistry as a career. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.
Results:
It was observed that being self-employed (54%) and helping people (51%) were reported as the top two factors for joining dentistry.
Conclusion:
Students' vision of a being self-employed and helping people appears to have influenced their choice of dentistry. This implies that being independent may be one of the most motivating factors underlying the bright image projected by the dental profession. The policy makers should work on making dentistry a lucrative profession, and improve the other motivating factors.
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455
The simple and multiple relationships between learning strategies and distance learners' achievement
Mehran Farajollahi
October-December 2015, 1(4):278-282
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163932
Aim:
The present article is based on research aiming to study the simple and multiple relationships between learning strategy and distance learners' achievement.
Methods:
The sample was consisted of 476 students at Payam Noor University who was selected using multistage cluster sampling and Krejcie-Morgan table. The methodology of the research was a correlation. In order to gather data, 31 questions of motivated strategies for learning questionnaire made by Pintrich
et al
., were used. These questions are related to the learning strategies. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated to be α = 0.92. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression-inter model.
Results:
The results indicated that the categories of learning strategies were predictors for distance learners' achievement significantly (
R
= 0.67, R
2
= 0.45, F
(5,570)
= 75.2,
P
< 0.01).
Conclusions:
This study mainly aims to investigate the relationship between categories of learning strategies and distance learners' achievement.
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Investigation of educational interaction among instructors and students in an outpatient clinic
Nikoo Yamani, Mohammad Fakhari
October-December 2015, 1(4):283-288
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163933
Introduction:
One of the main educational fields in medical education is an outpatient clinic. To better understand the clinical teaching-learning process in outpatient education, the quality of interactions among instructors, students, and patients was investigated in this study.
Methods:
This was a qualitative study which was conducted in an educational hospital at the Department of Surgery. The researcher observed interactions for 5 months and analyzed the 5
th
month's data only. All observations were narrated and qualitative content analysis method was adopted to analyze the data.
Result:
A total of 68 codes are extracted. The classification of revealed codes led to the generation of 10 sub-themes and four main themes. The theme "the instructional interaction" consists of "variety in teaching methods, selective educational content, instructors coordination, and course content based on educational needs" sub-themes. The theme "instructional management" consists of educational supervision and time management sub-themes. The theme "interactive learning" consists of "learning through interaction with patients" and "learning through interaction with peer" sub-themes. The theme "instructor as a role model" consists of "respect to codes of conduct" and "respect to patient's right" sub-themes.
Conclusion:
To enhance teaching and learning effectiveness in outpatient setting, more attention should be paid regarding the main themes of this study. More studies are needed to explore the quality of educational interaction in other clinical setting.
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Blackboard versus PowerPoint presentation: Students opinion in medical education
Mahalaxmi S Petimani, Prabhakar Adake
October-December 2015, 1(4):289-292
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163935
Aim:
The aim was to get the students opinion regarding blackboard and PowerPoint (PPT) presentation in 1
st
year medical students and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of both the methods.
Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based study was conducted in 1
st
year medical students. A total of 49 (
n
= 49) 1
st
year medical students were participated in the study. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire in English was used to collect data. A questionnaire containing 15 questions was used to assess views of students regarding blackboard and PPT teaching methods. Questionnaire forms were given after blackboard and PPT presentation on Biochemistry topic. Students were requested to fill the questionnaire forms and opine.
Results:
The results were analyzed by statistical analysis software version 16.0 (U.S.A) and expressed in percentages and displayed with the help of bar diagram and pie chart. In this study, blackboard teaching was the most preferred teaching aid (60.43%) compared to PPT teaching method (39.56%). However, more subject coverage (69.3%) and demonstrations of clinical conditions (69.3%) were better in PPT teaching when compared to blackboard teaching method.
Conclusions:
Blackboard teaching remains the best preferred teaching aid, which can be supplemented by PPT presentation for better understanding.
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Role of mindfulness training on psychological capital of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences students
Rahele Samouei, Farzane Ghasemi
October-December 2015, 1(4):293-297
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163936
Introduction:
Given the novel and applied nature of mindfulness techniques and due to the importance of psychological capital on the lives of students, this study aims to investigate the role of mindfulness education on psychological capital of students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
Methods:
This study uses semi-empirical method with pretest and posttest to study two groups of students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with the help of five-factor mindfulness questionnaire and psychological capital questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability in eight sessions. The results were gathered after three months and analyzed using student's
t
-test.
Result:
The results of comparison between the average posttest score of test and control groups showed no significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusions:
Given the fact that the effectiveness of these types of interventions has been confirmed by various studies, by controlling executive limitations before educational interventions, it is possible to achieve better results.
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The relationship between mental health and spiritual attitudes of high school students in the Shahreza
Zahra Davoodi, Azam Mirzasafi, Hakimeh Heidari
October-December 2015, 1(4):298-300
DOI
:10.4103/2395-2296.163937
Aim:
The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between mental health and spiritual trends of high school students in Shahreza.
Methods:
The method of the study was descriptive–correlational. The study included all students who are studying Shahreza schools, in 2011. The statistical sample included 200 girls and 200 boys selected by multistage cluster sampling. The research instruments for collecting data were two questionnaires. One of them measure spiritual attitudes of students and second measure general health including 28 questions made by Goldenberg. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.85), and the validity was confirmed by determining its correlation with the same instruments.
Result:
This shows that, there is a negative relationship between depression and spiritual beliefs (
r
= –0/45). There was also a negative correlation between anxiety and spirituality.
Conclusions:
Based on these findings, we conclude that the relationship between spirituality and mental health is significant and positive.
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Online since 17
th
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